Infertility is a common problem affecting one in six couples at some point in their life. It is usually defined as the inability of a couple to conceive after 12 months of unprotected intercourse.
This issue can be found both in males and females. In women, infertility is termed if women are not able to carry full-term pregnancy, and in men, when they cannot impregnate due to low sperm count or many other reasons.
Causes of Female Infertility
There are many IVF centers in Kompally that help diagnose and treat infertility problems. Before we talk about the treatment of female infertility, lets first understand the reasons behind infertility that are as follows:
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Ovulation problems
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PCOS (polycystic ovarian syndrome)
It causes hormonal irregularities that impair ovulation. PCOS can cause obesity, insulin resistance, hirsutism (unusual body hair growth) and acne.
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Dysfunctional hypothalamus
Luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones created by the pituitary glands help stimulate ovulation monthly. Excess mental or physical stress or an excess weight loss or gain may intervene in these hormonal productions, impacting ovulation. Symptoms involve absent or irregular periods.
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Primary ovarian insufficiency/Premature ovarian failure
It generally happens from premature egg loss from the ovary due to chemotherapy, genetics, or autoimmune response. If a woman is below 40 years of age, the ovary slows down, producing eggs, and the estrogen production levels also fall.
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Excess Prolactin
When the pituitary gland produces excess prolactin, it is called hyperprolactinemia. This decreases estrogen production, causing infertility. It might also occur from medications taken for any other health conditions.
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Tubal infertility
This involves fallopian tube damage or blockage that prevents sperm from reaching the egg for fertilization. The causes are:
- Pelvic tuberculosis, a globally vital reason for tubal infertility
- Early pelvic or abdominal surgery is an operation for ectopic pregnancy where a fertilized egg is implanted in a fallopian tube and developed there rather than in the uterus.
- A pelvic inflammatory disorder involving infected fallopian tubes and uterus from sexually transmitted infections like gonorrhea, chlamydia, etc.
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Endometriosis
It happens when tissues implant and develop in other body areas rather than the uterus. This additional tissue development and its surgical removal might lead to scarring. This can cause tubal blockage and prevent the union of the sperm and egg. This condition may also impact the uterine lining, obstructing a fertilized egg from implanting. Less-direct impacts include harm to the egg or sperm.
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Uterine/cervical reasons
- Non-cancerous tumors or polyps (myomas or fibroids) usually form in the uterus. They either obstruct fallopian tubes or hamper implantation, preventing fertility. However, several women can gain pregnancy despite having polyps or fibroids.
- Endometriosis inflammation or scarring inside your uterus can also hamper implantation.
- Uterine malformations inherited by birth like an irregularly shaped uterus may lead to issues in gaining or retaining pregnancy.
- Cervical narrowing or stenosis may occur due to cervical damage or an inborn cervical malformation.
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Unexplained female infertility
Rarely the infertility reason cannot be explained. Many minor causes in both the partners might act in combination for causing unexplained fertility issues. They might rectify on their own gradually. However, instead of waiting, it is suggested to seek female infertility treatment from a highly skilled and experienced infertility specialist as soon as possible.
Diagnosis and Treatment
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Ovulation testing
OTC or ovulation prediction tools can detect luteinizing hormone increases before ovulation and examine prolactin levels. A progesterone blood test also helps.
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Hysterosalpingography
The uterus receives an X-ray contrast injection. This process can detect if your fluid spills from the fallopian tubes and flows out of the uterus. An X-ray detects uterine cavity irregularities. Any discovered abnormalities are evaluated further.
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Ovarian reserve testing
It can determine the count and quality of eggs ready for ovulation. Women possessing risks of a lowered egg supply like those above 35 years might be tested thus.
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Other hormone tests
These examine levels of ovulatory, pituitary, and thyroid hormones which regulate reproductive procedures.
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Imaging tests
A pelvic ultrasound can detect a tubal or uterine disorder. At times, a saline infusion sonogram or sono hysterogram can find details inside your uterus, which is not possible with a usual ultrasound.
As per your state, the doctor might also recommend other imaging tests like:
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Hysteroscopy
It helps to find any uterine or tubal problem as per your signs.
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Laparoscopy
It helps detect uterine/ovarian issues, tubal malformations/blockages, scarring and endometriosis.
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Genetic testing
It can determine any genetic issues causing infertility.
Conclusion:
If fertility drugs like letrozole, metformin, gonadotropins, etc., do not work, doctors may suggest treatments like Hysteroscopic surgery, tubal surgery, IUI or IVF. Oasis fertility center in Kompally provides the best solutions for infertility issues. They are equipped with new and innovative technology and provide a comprehensive range of ART (Assisted Reproductive Technology) procedures.
